1X

Humanoid robots powered by Helix, an in-house vision-language-action model.

Figure AI builds general-purpose humanoid robots (Figure 01–03) driven by Helix, its proprietary vision-language-action model that fuses perception, language, and learned control. Figure 03, announced in 2025, targets the home and broader applications; earlier models were piloted in BMW's automotive manufacturing.

General-purpose foundation models that aim to control any robot to do any task.

Physical Intelligence is a San Francisco lab building general-purpose AI for the physical world. Its π0 (pi-zero) vision-language-action model, built on a pretrained VLM and trained across many robot embodiments, can perform dexterous tasks like folding laundry. The company open-sourced π0's code and weights via its openpi repository.

Phoenix, a general-purpose humanoid robot driven by the Carbon AI control system.

Sanctuary AI builds Phoenix, a general-purpose humanoid robot for work, powered by Carbon, a hybrid cognitive control system that blends symbolic reasoning, large language models, and reinforcement learning to mimic human cognitive subsystems. Phoenix features highly dexterous hands and can be taught new tasks in under 24 hours.